翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Institutional memory ・ Institutional Missionary Baptist Conference of America ・ Institutional mode of representation ・ Institutional model theory ・ Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe ・ Institutional pedagogy ・ Institutional Protection Service ・ Institutional racism ・ Institutional Radio Choir ・ Institutional Renewal Party of National Action ・ Institutional repository ・ Institutional Republican Party ・ Institutional research ・ Institutional review board ・ Institutional Revolutionary Party ・ Institutional sclerosis ・ Institutional seats of the European Union ・ Institutional Security Cabinet ・ Institutional Shareholder Services ・ Institutional Social Democratic Bloc ・ Institutional support for the queries on the independence of Catalonia ・ Institutional syndrome ・ Institutional theory ・ Institutional trust (social sciences) ・ Institutional Venture Partners ・ Institutional Web Management Workshop ・ Institutionalisation ・ Institutionalism ・ Institutionalism (international relations) ・ Institutionalism in political parties Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Institutional sclerosis ： ウィキペディア英語版 Institutional sclerosis The political economist Mancur Olson, in his 1984 book, "The Rise and Decline of Nations," first offered institutional sclerosis as a partial explanation for the divergent growth rates experienced between the winners (with relatively low post-war growth rates) and losers (with relatively high post-war growth rates) of World War II. In liberal democracies experiencing continuity and stability, interest groups form over time and grow to exact rents, becoming vested. The accumulation of vested interests and rent-seekers ultimately slows the ability of a government to reform, adapt, and secure perfectly competitive markets thanks to a related phenomenon studied by Olson: the collective action problem. This sclerosis saps an economy's dynamism and lowers growth rates. In liberal democracies with young institutions, by contrast, competition remains perfect and natural economic dynamism and creative destruction ensue, generating high growth.〔Mancur Olson. "The Rise and Decline of Nations" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).〕 Additional uses: Institutional sclerosis is the phenomenon in which an institution is effective in changing in some areas but unable to adjust to changes in other areas. Institutions can evolve efficiently by expanding original goals to meet changing environment or including more members. At the same time, however, institutions or organizations face difficulties adjusting to new structures or internal policies. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Institutional sclerosis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.